If there is equal chance of having the condition among men and women, we will find the chance of observing the condition is the same regardless of gender and can conclude their relationship as independent. We don't think gender is independent from the condition.
For example, if men have a specific condition more than women, there is bigger chance to find a person with the condition among men than among women. Or we can say the categorical variable and groups are independent. If the distribution of the categorical variable is not much different over different groups, we can conclude the distribution of the categorical variable is not related to the variable of groups. The chi-squared test is used to compare the distribution of a categorical variable in a sample or a group with the distribution in another one.
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